This page lists a selection of publications on the topic of cannabis cultivation and related policies by members of the research team.
Special issue of International Journal of Drug Policy
Potter, G. R., & Decorte, T., (Eds.). (2015). Special Issue: Domestic cannabis cultivation. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26(3).
Books
Corva, D., & Meisel, J. S. (Eds.). (2021). The Routledge Handbook of Post-Prohibition Cannabis Research. Taylor & Francis Group.
Decorte, T., Lenton, S., & Wilkins, C. (Eds). (2020). Legalizing cannabis. Experiences, lessons and scenarios. Routledge.
Decorte, T. (2018). Regulating cannabis. A detailed scenario for a nonprofit cannabis market. Archway Publishers.
Decorte, T., Potter, G., & Bouchard, M. (Eds). (2011). World Wide Weed. Global trends in cannabis cultivation and its control. Ashgate.
Potter, G. (2010). Weed, need and greed: A study of domestic cannabis cultivation. Free Association Books.
Room, R., Fischer, B., Hall, W., Lenton, S., & Reuter, P. (2010). Cannabis policy. Moving beyond stalemate. Oxford University Press.
Werse, B. (Ed). (2008). Drogenmärkte. Strukturen und szenen des kleinhandels [Drug markets – structures and scenes of small-scale trade]. Campus Verlag.
Articles
Barratt, M.J., Chanteloup, F., Lenton, S., & Marsh, A. (2005). Cannabis law reform in Western Australia: An opportunity to test theories of marginal deterrence and legitimacy. Drug and Alcohol Review, 24, 321-330. https://doi.org/10.1080/09595230500263863
Bogt, T., de Looze, M. E., Molcho, M., Godeau, E., Hublet, A., Kokkevi, A., Kuntsche, E., Saoirse, G. N., Franelic, I., Simons-Morton, B., Sznitman, S., Vieno, A., Vollebergh, W., & Pickett, W. (2014). Do societal wealth, family affluence, and gender account for trends in adolescent cannabis use? A 30 country cross-national study. Addiction, 109(2): 273-283. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12373
Boidi, M. F., Queirolo, R., & Cruz, J. M. (2016). Cannabis consumption patterns among frequent consumers in Uruguay. International Journal of Drug Policy, 34, 34-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.05.008
Bone, M., Potter, G., & Klein, K. (2018). Introduction: Cultivation, medication activism and cannabis policy. Drugs and Alcohol Today, 18(2), 73-79. https://doi.org/10.1108/DAT-03-2018-0014
Bouchard, M. (2008). Towards a realistic method to estimate the size of cannabis cultivation industry in developed countries. Contemporary Drug Problems, 35, 291-320. https://doi.org/10.1177/009145090803500206
Bouchard, M., & Dion, C.B. (2009). Growers and facilitators: Probing the role of entrepreneurs in the development of the cannabis cultivation industry. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 22, 25-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2009.10593440
Bouchard, M., Alain, M., & Nguyen, H. (2009). Convenient labour: The prevalence and nature of youth involvement in the cannabis cultivation industry. International Journal of Drug Policy, 20, 467-474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2009.02.006
Bouchard, M., Beauregard, E., & Kalacska, M. (2013). Journey to grow: Linking process to outcome in target site selection for cannabis cultivation. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 50, 33-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427811418001
Casanova, C., Ramier, C., Fortin, D., Carrieri, P., Mancini, J. and Barré, T. (2022). Cannabidiol use and perceptions in France: A national survey. BMC Public Health, 22, Article 1628. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14057-0
Castillo‐Carniglia, A., Rivera‐Aguirre, A., Calvo, E., Queirolo, R., Keyes, K. M., & Cerdá, M. (2020). Trends in marijuana use in two Latin American countries: An age, period and cohort study. Addiction, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15058
Coitiño, M., Queirolo, R., & Triñanes, A. (2017). Dos drogas, diferentes mensajes: Los medios y la regulación de la marihuana y el alcohol en Uruguay. Revista Contratexto, 28, 119-146. https://doi.org/10.26439/contratexto2017.n028.1566
Coomber, R., Moyle, L., Belackova, V., Decorte, T., Hakkarainen, P., Hathaway, A., Laidler, K., Lenton, S., Murphy, S., Scott, J., Stefunkova, M., van de Ven, K., Vlaemynck, M. & Werse, B. (2018). The burgeoning recognition and accommodation of the social supply of drugs in international criminal justice systems: An eleven-nation comparative overview. International Journal of Drug Policy, 58, 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.05.010
Cruz, J. M., Queirolo, R., & Boidi, M. F. (2016). Determinants of public support for marijuana legalization in Uruguay, the United States, and El Salvador. Journal of Drug Issues, 46(4), 308-325. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022042616649005
Cruz, J. M., Boidi, M. F., & Queirolo, R. (2017). The status of support for cannabis regulation in Uruguay 4 years after reform: Evidence from public opinion surveys. Drug and Alcohol Review, 37(S1), S429-S434. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.12642
Cruz, J. M., Boidi, M. F., & Queirolo, R. (2018). Saying no to weed: Public opinion towards cannabis legalisation in Uruguay. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 25(1), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2016.1237475
Decorte, T. (2010). The case for small-scale domestic cannabis cultivation. International Journal of Drug Policy, 21, 271-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2010.01.009
Decorte, T., Pardal, M., Queirolo, R., Boidi, M. F., Avilés, C. S., & Franquero, Ò. P. (2017). Regulating cannabis social clubs: A comparative analysis of legal and self-regulatory practices in Spain, Belgium and Uruguay. International Journal of Drug Policy, 43, 44-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.12.020
Fortin, D. (2019) Per la cannabis un business senza crisi. Economia & management: la rivista della Scuola di Direzione Aziendale dell’Università L. Bocconi, 2, 51-56. https://emplus.egeaonline.it/it/61/archivio-rivista/rivista/3440269/articolo/3440342
Fortin, D., Di Beo, V., Carrieri, P., & Barré, T. (2023, epub 21/11/23). Therapeutic use and other reasons to consume cannabidiol: Insight from the French and Italian contexts. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2023.2285843
Fortin, D., Di Beo, V., Massin, S., Bisiou, Y., Carrieri, P., & Barré, T. (2021). Reasons for using cannabidiol: a cross-sectional study of French cannabidiol users. Journal of Cannabis Research, 3(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42238-021-00102-z
Fortin, D., Di Beo, V., Massin, S., Bisiou, Y., Carrieri, P., & Barré, T. (2022). A “good” smoke? The off-label use of cannabidiol to reduce cannabis use. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, Article 829944. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.829944
Fortin, D., Marcellin, F., Carrieri, P., Mancini, J., & Barré, T. (2022). Medical cannabis: Toward a new policy and health model for an ancient medicine. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, Article 904291. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.904291
Fortin, D., & Massin, S. (2020). Medical cannabis: thinking out of the box of the healthcare system. Journal de gestion et d’économie de la santé, 2(2), 110-118. https://www.cairn.info/revue-journal-de-gestion-et-d-economie-de-la-sante-2020-2-page-110.htm
Gallupe, O., Bouchard, M., & Caulkins, J. (2011). No change is a good change? Restrictive deterrence in illegal drug markets. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39, 81-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.12.002
Hakkarainen, P (2016). Vaporizing the pot world – easy, healthy, and cool. Drugs and Alcohol Today, 16(3), 185–193. https://doi.org/10.1108/DAT-10-2015-0062
Hakkarainen, P., & Karjalainen, K. (2017). Pilvee, pilvee. Kannabiksen käyttötavat, käyttäjät ja poliittiset mielipiteet [Cannabis: use habits, users and public opinion on policy]. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka, 82(1), 19–33.
Hakkarainen, P., Perälä, J., & Metso, L. (2011). Kukkaa pukkaa – Kannabiksen kotikasvatus Suomessa [Bud, bud, bud – Home growing of cannabis in Finland]. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka 76(2), 157-168.
Klein, A., & Potter, G. (2018). The three betrayals of the medical cannabis growing activist: From multiple victimhood to reconstruction, redemption and activism. International Journal of Drug Policy. 53: 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.12.004
Lenton, S. (2004). Pot, politics and the press–reflections on cannabis law reform in Western Australia. Drug and Alcohol Review, 23, 223-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/09595230410001704226
Lenton, S. (2014). New regulated markets for recreational cannabis: public health or private profit? Addiction, 109(3), 354-355. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12451
Lenton, S., & Allsop, S. (2010). A tale of CIN–the Cannabis Infringement Notice scheme in Western Australia. Addiction, 105, 808-816. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02913.x
Lenton, S., Grigg, J., Scott, J.A., Barratt, M.J. & Eleftheriadis, D. (2015). The social supply of cannabis among young people in Australia (Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice no. 503). Australian Institute of Criminology.
Lenton, S., Liang, W., & Chikritzhs, C. (2011). Evidence of increasing age of onset of cannabis use among younger Australians. Addiction, 107, 650-657. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03673.x
Lenton, S., & Subritzky, T. (2017). On sentinel samples, sales data and potency. Commentary on Kilmer and Pacula, 2017. Addiction, 112(7), 1137-1138. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13756
Lewis, N., Broitman, D., & Sznitman, S. (2015). Medical cannabis: A framing analysis of Israeli newspaper coverage. Communication Science, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547015608507
Lewis, N., & Sznitman, S. (2017). You brought it on yourself: The joint effects of message type, stigma, and responsibility attribution on attitudes toward medical cannabis. Journal of Communication, 67, 181–202. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12287
Lewis, N., & Sznitman, S. (2019). Engagement with medical cannabis information from online and mass media sources: Is it related to medical cannabis attitudes and support for legalization? International Journal of Drug Policy, 73, 219-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.01.005
Meisel, J., Corva, D. & Pachmayer, A. (2023). Cannabis, communities, and place: (Re)constructing Humboldt’s post-prohibition present. Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, 45, 152-168.
Mgebrishvili, T., Kirtadze, I., Beselia, A., Vardanashvili, I., & Otiashvili, D. (2021). The effects of decriminalization of cannabis in Georgia (country) on user behaviors. Journal of Substance Use, 26, 160-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659891.2020.1798523
Nguyen, H., & Bouchard, M. (2010). Patterns of youth participation in cannabis cultivation. Journal of Drug Issues, 40, 263-294. https://doi.org/10.1177/002204261004000202
Nguyen, H., & Bouchard, M. (2013). Need, connections, or competence? Criminal achievement among adolescent offenders. Justice Quarterly, 30, 44-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2011.589398
Pacula, R. L. & Sevigny, E. L. (2014). Marijuana liberalization policies: Why we can’t learn much from policy still in motion. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 33(1), 212-221. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.21726
Pacula, R. L., Powell, D., Heaton, P., & Sevigny, E. L. (2015). Assessing the effects of medical marijuana laws on marijuana use: The devil is in the details. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 34(1), 7-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.21804
Pardal, M., Bone, M., Decorte, T., Queirolo, R., Parés, Ò., Johansson, J., Álvarez, E., & Repetto, L. (2020) Hidden and uninterested populations: Methodological insights and unresolved issues from the study of Cannabis Social Clubs. Methodological Innovations, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/2059799120976963
Pardal, M., Decorte, T., Bone, M., Parés, Ò., & Johansson, J. (2020). Mapping cannabis social clubs in Europe. European Journal of Criminology, 1477370820941392. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370820941392
Pardal, M., Queirolo, R., Álvarez, E., & Repetto, L. (2019). Uruguayan cannabis social clubs: From activism to dispensaries? International Journal of Drug Policy, 73, 49-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.06.022
Potter, G. (2017). Real gates to virtual fields: Integrating online and offline ethnography in studying cannabis cultivation and reflections on the applicability of this approach in criminological ethnography more generally. Methodological Innovations, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2059799117720609
Queirolo, R. (2020). The effects of recreational cannabis legalization might depend upon the policy model. World Psychiatry, 19(2), 195. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20742
Queirolo, R., Boidi, M. F., & Cruz, J. M. (2016). Cannabis clubs in Uruguay: The challenges of regulation. International Journal of Drug Policy, 34, 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.05.015
Queirolo, R., Rossel, C., Álvarez, E., & Repetto, L. (2019). Why Uruguay legalized marijuana? The open window of public insecurity. Addiction, 114(7), 1313-1321. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14523
Rødner, S. (2007). An examination of the normalization of cannabis use among 9th grade school students in Sweden and Switzerland. Addiction Research and Theory, 13(4), 333-346. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066350701433233
Scott, J.A., Grigg, J., Barratt, M.J., & Lenton, S., (2017). Social capital and cannabis supply. Journal of Sociology, 53(2), 382-397. https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783316688342
Sevigny, E. L. (2013). Is today’s marijuana more potent simply because it’s fresher? Drug Testing and Analysis, 5(1), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1430
Sevigny, E. L. (2017). Marijuana liberalization, research, and policy: Contributions to current knowledge and practice. Journal of Primary Prevention, 38(3), 211-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-017-0480-9
Sevigny, E. L., Pacula, R. L., & Heaton, P. (2014). The effects of medical marijuana laws on potency. International Journal of Drug Policy, 25(2), 308-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.01.003
Subritzky, T., Lenton, S., & Pettigrew, S. (2016). Legal cannabis industry adopting strategies of the tobacco industry. Drug and Alcohol Review, 35(5), 511–513. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.12459
Subritzky, T., Lenton, S., & Pettigrew, S. (2019) Cannabis and youth protection in Colorado’s commercial adult-use market: A qualitative investigation. International Journal of Drug Policy, 74, 116-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.09.007
Subritzky, T., Pettigrew, S., & Lenton, S. (2016). Issues in the implementation and evolution of the commercial recreational marijuana market in Colorado. International Journal of Drug Policy, 27, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.12.001
Subritzky, T., Pettigrew, S., & Lenton, S. (2017). Into the void: Regulating pesticide use in Colorado’s commercial cannabis markets. International Journal of Drug Policy, 42, 86-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.01.014
Sznitman, S. (2017). Do recreational cannabis users, unlicensed and licensed medical cannabis users form distinct groups? International Journal of Drug Policy, 42, 15-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.11.010
Sznitman, S., & Bretteville-Jensen, A. (2015). Public opinion and medical cannabis policies: Examining the role of underlying beliefs and national medical cannabis policies. Harm Reduction Journal, 12, 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-015-0082-x
Sznitman, S., Goldberg, V., Sheinman-Yuffe, H., Flechter, E., & Bar-Sela, G. (2016). Storage and disposal of medical cannabis among oncology patients: Assessing the risk of diversion and unintentional digestion. Cancer, 122(21), 3363-3370. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30185
Sznitman, S., Kolobov, T., Bogt, T., Kuntsche, E., Walsh, S., & Harel-Fisch, Y. (2015). Investigating cannabis use normalization by distinguishing between experimental and regular use, a multi-level study in 31 countries. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 76(2), 181-189. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2015.76.181
Sznitman, S., & Lewis, N. (2015). Is cannabis an illicit drug or a medicine? A quantitative framing analysis of Israeli newspaper coverage. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26(5), 446-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.01.010
Sznitman, S., & Lewis, N. (2018). Examining effects of medical cannabis narratives on beliefs, attitudes and intentions related to recreational cannabis: A web-based randomized experiment. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 31, 185, 219-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.11.028
Sznitman, S., Pinsky-Tali, P., Salameh, M., Moed, T., & Bentur Y. (2020). Cannabis and synthetic cannabinoid exposure reported to the Israel poison information center: Examining Differences in Exposures to Medical and Recreational Compounds. International Journal of Drug Policy, 77, 102711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102711
Sznitman, S. & Room, R. (2018). Rethinking indicators of problematic cannabis use in the era of medical cannabis legalization. Addictive Behaviors, 77, 100-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.09.026
Sznitman, S., & Zolotov, Y. (2015). Cannabis for therapeutic purposes and public health and safety: A systematic and critical review. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26(1), 20-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.09.005
Tandowski, A., Zolotov, Y., & Sznitman, S. (2019). Do users of diverted medical cannabis differ from other cannabis user? Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 80(1):42-45 https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2019.80.42
Unlu, A., Tammi, T., & Hakkarainen, P. (2020). Drug decriminalization policy. Literature review: Models, implementation and outcomes (9). Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare.
Werse, B. (2013). Der Grower von nebenan. Erste Ergebnisse des deutschsprachigen Global Cannabis Cultivation Survey. Hanfjournal, 11.
Werse, B. (2014). Wie kriminell sind ‘Social Supplier’ – Ergebnisse zum Drogenkleinsthandel aus zwei empirischen Studien. Rausch – Wiener Zeitschrift für Suchttherapie, 3(2), 98-106.
Wilkins, C., & Casswell, S. (2003). Organized crime in cannabis cultivation in New Zealand: an economic analysis. Contemporary Drug Problems, 30, 757-777. https://doi.org/10.1177/009145090303000403
Wouters, M., Benschop, A., van Laar, M., & Korf, D. J. (2012). Cannabis use and proximity to coffee shops in the Netherlands. European Journal of Criminology, 9(4), 337-353. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370812448033
Zarhin, D., Negev, M., Vulfsons, S., & Sznitman, S. (2018). Rhetorical and regulatory boundary work: The case of medical cannabis policy-making in Israel. Social Science & Medicine, 217, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.047
Zarhin, D., Negev, M., Vulfsons, S., & Sznitman, S. (2020). “Medical cannabis” as a contested medicine: Fighting over epistemology, ontology and morality. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 45(3), 488-514. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243919862866
Zolotov, Y., Zarhin, D., Vulfsons, S., & Sznitman, S. (2018). Medical cannabis: an oxymoron? Physicians’ perceptions of medical cannabis. International Journal of Drug Policy, 57, 4-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.03.025
Book chapters
Bone, M., & Potter, G. R. (2021). Medical cannabis in the UK. The (false) dawn of a new era? In D. Corva & J. S. Meisel (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Post-Prohibition Cannabis Research (pp. 81-90). Taylor & Francis Group.
Decorte, T. (2008). Domestic cannabis cultivation in Belgium: On (un)intended effects of drug policy on the cannabis market. In D. J. Korf (Ed.), Cannabis in Europe: Dynamics in perception, policy and markets (pp. 69-86). Pabst Science Publishers.
Fortin, D. (2022). CSC + 2: Can the Cannabis Social Club model be a buffer against market distortions? In M. Pardal (Eds.), The Cannabis Social Club. London: Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003055679-8
Fortin, D., Liotti, MP., & Milan, S. (2020). L’economia dell’infiorescenza: Cannabis light e altre opportunità di reddito per la filiera agricola italiana. In P. Ranalli (Ed.), La canapa: l’attualità di una pianta di grande tradizione in Italia (pp. 67-106). Edagricole.
Hautala, S., Hakkarainen, P., Kataja, S., Kailanto, K., & Tigerstedt, C. (2018). Huumeiden käytön vaiettu mielihyvä [Ignored pleasures of drug use]. In J. Valkonen (ed.), Häiritsevä yhteiskuntatutkimus (pp. 77-98). Lapland University Press.
Lenton, S. (2005). Deterrence theory and the limitations of criminal penalties for cannabis use. In T. Stockwell, P. J. Gruenewald, J. W. Toumbourou & W. Loxley (Eds.), Preventing harmful substance use. The evidence base for policy and practice (pp. 267-277). John Wiley and Sons.
Lenton, S. (2011). Knowledge Transfer at the Political Level: Bridging the Policy Research to Policy Practice Gap. In E. Banister, B. Leadbeater & A. Marshall (Eds.), Knowledge translation in context: Indigenous, policy, and community settings (pp. 105-125). University of Toronto Press.
Lenton, S. (2011). Reforming laws applying to domestic cannabis production as a harm reduction strategy – A case study. In T. Decorte, G. Potter & M. Bouchard (Eds.), World wide weed: Global trends in cannabis cultivation and its control (pp. 197-213). Ashgate.
Potter, G. R. (2008). The growth of cannabis cultivation: Explanations for import substitution in the UK. In D. J. Korf (Ed.), Cannabis in Europe: Dynamics in perception, policy and markets (pp. 87-105). Pabst Science Publishers.
Potter, G. R. (2010). You reap what you sow. Profit, pleasure and pain in domestic cannabis cultivation. In T. Decorte & J. Fountain (Eds.), Pleasure, pain and profit. European perspectives on drugs (pp. 134-154). Pabst Science Publishers.
Potter, G., & Klein, A. (2020). Coming out of the closet: Risk management strategies of illegal cannabis growers. In S. MacGregor & B. Thom (Eds.), Risk and substance use: Framing dangerous people and dangerous places (pp. 201-221). Routledge.
Queirolo, R. (2020). Uruguay: the first country to legalize cannabis. In T. Decorte, S. Lenton, & C. Wilkins (Eds.), Legalizing cannabis: Experiences, lessons and scenarios (pp 116-130). Routledge.
Subritzky, T., Lenton, S., & Pettigrew, S. (2020). Practical lessons learned from the first years of the regulated recreational cannabis market in Colorado. In T. Decorte, S. Lenton, & C. Wilkins (Eds.), Legalizing cannabis: Experiences, lessons and scenarios (pp 39-61). Routledge.
Werse, B. (2008). Retail markets for cannabis – users, sharers, go-betweens and stash dealers. In: D. J. Korf (Ed.), Cannabis in Europe: Dynamics in perception, policy and markets (pp. 106-123). Pabst Science Publishers.